Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Graduate School of Communications of Tunis, Higher Institute of Technological Studies in Communications of Tunis, List of twin towns and sister cities in Tunisia, European enclaves in North Africa before 1830, "Tunisia: Governorates, Major Cities, Communes & Urban Agglomerations", "The Neo-Punic Inscriptions and Coin Legends", "Carthage – 1960, Page 11 by B. H. Warmington. [13] Situated on a hill, Tunis served as an excellent point from which the comings and goings of naval and caravan traffic to and from Carthage could be observed. It was completely rebuilt in 864 and is a prestigious place of worship, and was long an important place of culture and knowledge with the University of Ez-Zitouna on the premises until the independence of Tunisia. [73] One should also note the El Teatro and Étoile du Nord theater groups. [48] It reflects the improved financial situation of the municipality, the year 2007 was a year registering a surplus in resources that allowed the settlement of debts of the municipality and the strengthening of its credibility with respect its suppliers and public and private partners. The Medina contains some 700 monuments, including palaces, mosques, mausoleums, madrasas and fountains dating from the Almohad and the Hafsid periods. Tunisia is famous for hot and dry summers and mild winters in most regions. As for El Bab Bhar, it allowed access to some funduqs where Christian merchants lived in Tunis. The city quickly spread out of its fortifications: it divided into a traditional Arab-populated old city, and a new city populated by immigrants, with a different structure from that of the traditional medina. In autumn, it begins to rain, often with short thunderstorms, which can sometimes cause flash floods or even flood some parts of the city. In addition, a series of satellite cities emerged on the urban rim and encroached on the municipality of Tunis proper. With the development of the capital under the reign of the Hafsids, two emerging suburbs grew outside the walls; Bab El Jazira in the south and Bab Souika to the north. For its part, the south light-rail line was extended in November 2008 to El Mourouj with a length of 6.8 kilometres (4.2 miles). The roads also connect with Carthage, emphasising its political and economic importance not only in Tunisia but more widely in North Africa and the Mediterranean Sea in ancient times. Environment The quiet environmental disaster in Tunisia. About 448 mm | 17.6 inch of precipitation falls annually. In Tunisia, the climate is Mediterranean on the northern coast, with mild, rainy winters and hot, sunny summers, while it is semi-desert or desert in inland areas. Many protests took place during the Arab Spring of 2011–12. Because of population pressure and the rate of migration to the capital, the city continued to grow, even with the creation of new districts in the suburbs. The Arab geographer El Yacoubi has written that in the 9th century Tunis was surrounded by a wall of brick and clay except the side of the sea where it was stone. The National Military Museum, opened in 1989 in the suburbs west of the city, holds a collection of 23,000 weapons, 13,000 of which date back to the 19th century, and some of which were used by the Tunisian troops during the Crimean War. The climate here is classified as Csa by the Köppen-Geiger system. The south of the country is desert. The Esperance Sportive de Tunis (EST), Club Africain (CA), and Stade Tunisien are the major sports clubs in the city. April is an agreeable spring month in Tunis, Tunisia, with temperature in the range of an average high of 22.4°C (72.3°F) and an average low of 12.8°C (55°F). In a very short time, the colonial city transformed rapidly. In 1159, the Almohad 'Abd al-Mu'min took Tunis, overthrew the last Khurasanid leader and installed a new government in the kasbah of Tunis. After the advent of independence, a museum was built there to relate the details of the national struggle between 1938 and 1952. Its collections developed rapidly, thanks to numerous archaeological discoveries in the surrounding territory. The gaps created by their departure were filled by Tunisians who emigrated to Tunis from other parts of the country. [6] The term Tunis can possibly mean "camp at night", "camp", or "stop", or may have referred to as "the last stop before Carthage" by people who were journeying to Carthage by land. Tunisia's climate is temperate in the north, with mild rainy winters and hot, dry summers. The precipitation also greatly varies, as the north receives significantly more rainfall than the south. Demographics Tunis is a center of Tunisian culture. « Grand Prix historique de Tunis : un rendez-vous magique », Statistiques du sport en Tunisie (Ministère de la jeunesse, des sports et de l'éducation physique), "أخبار تونس: آخر الأخبار الوطنية والجهوية على راديو موزاييك", Coopération internationale (Municipalité de Tunis), "Acordos de Geminação, de Cooperação e/ou Amizade da Cidade de Lisboa", The Municipality of Tunis official website, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, An unrecognised or partially-recognised nation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tunis&oldid=996450452, Mediterranean port cities and towns in Tunisia, Populated places established in the 2nd millennium BC, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2017, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles needing additional references from January 2009, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006, Articles needing additional references from March 2015, Articles with Arabic-language sources (ar), Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Source 1: Institut National de la Météorologie (precipitation days/humidity/sun 1961–1990), This page was last edited on 26 December 2020, at 18:07. The 2008 budget adopted by the City Council is structured as follows: 61.61 million dinars for operations and 32,516 million dinars for investment. The other 60% is a fertile area. [26] The crafts and traditional trades declined somewhat, as the newcomers increased trade with Europe, introducing the first modern industries and new forms of urban life. Climate data and weather averages in Tunis. Temperature records have been kept here from 1901–1939, 1949–1953, and 2000–2012. The local climate is also affected somewhat by the latitude of the city, the moderating influence of … Following the municipal elections of 6 May 2018, Ennahdha obtained 21 seats out of 60. After World War II, suburbs began to rapidly spring up on the outskirts of Tunis. At the beginning of the 20th century, a number of sports institutions were established in Tunis, particularly in school and college settings. [54] Tunis has several large plains, the most productive are in Ariana and La Soukra (north), the plain of Manouba (west) and the plain of Mornag (south). The city holds several festivals each year, of which the largest is the International Festival of Carthage which takes place in July and August. رانة Gulf finance house or GFH has invested $10 billion in order for the construction of tunis financial harbor, that will transform Tunisia as the gateway to Africa from Europe. In Tunis, the summers are short, hot, humid, dry, and clear and the winters are long, cold, windy, and partly cloudy. [35] The city is located at the crossroads of a narrow strip of land between Lake Tunis and Séjoumi. A symbolic class difference is present between the EST's and the CA's supporters, despite their playing at the same stadium. After the performance, the people returned to their homes.[20]. The main palace beys are those of La Marsa, Bardo and Ksar Said. In addition, the TGM will be integrated into the light-rail network and a new line built around Ayn Zaghouan and Bhar Lazrag (8.4 km). In the middle there is a square where the former slave market stood until the middle of the 19th century. Other arts are also represented in the capital. The average annual temperature is 18.1 °C | 64.6 °F in Tunis. [87] The city has also held the Mediterranean Games twice, in 1967 and 2001, and the international tennis tournament, the Tunis Open, which is included in the ATP Challenger Series. The winters are rainier than the summers in Tunis. The climate here is classified as Csa by the Köppen-Geiger system. Sousse, Tunisia - Current weather, an hourly forecast for today, tomorrow, detailed 10-day weather forecast and long range monthly outlook. The city of Tunis, whose size has increased significantly during the second half of the 20th century, now extends beyond the Tunis Governorate into parts of the governorates of Ben Arous, Ariana and Manouba. The Tunis area is served by the métro léger (Ar. There are also Christian churches and temples : Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tunis (Catholic Church), Protestant churches, Evangelical Churches.[62]. [86] The main roads to other Tunisian cities include: Autoroute A1, Tunis-Sfax; Autoroute A3, Tunis-Oued Zarga; and Autoroute A4, Tunis-Bizerte. Located near the Bab Souika, the neighborhood of Halfaouine which gained international attention through the film 'Halfaouine Child of the Terraces'. On the stage of this theater, many performances are regularly given by Tunisian, Arabic and international actors. To traditional industry and trade with distant lands was added the activity of the Barbary pirates, then in their golden age. [31] Twenty civilians and one policeman were killed in the attack, while around 50 others were injured. During each "cultural season" (from October 1 to 30 June) the theater holds over 80 events. King Louis easily captured Carthage, but his army soon fell victim to an outbreak of dysentery. Tunis has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa), characterized by hot and dry, prolonged summers and mild winters with moderate rainfall. In Greater Tunis, the proportion of young unemployed is at 35%.[52]. Southwest of the Medina, on the crest of the hills across the Isthmus of Tunis, is the Montfleury district then on down to the foothills of Séjoumi, the poor neighborhood of Mellassine. In 1985, the PLO's headquarters was bombed by Israeli Air Force F-15s, killing approximately 60 people. On 3 July 2018, the head of the Ennahdha list Souad Abderrahim was elected by the council as the new mayor of the capital. On the expenditure side, provision is made for the consolidation of hygiene and cleanliness, the state of the environment and urban design, infrastructure maintenance, rehabilitation and renovation of facilities, and strengthening the logistics and means of work and transport.[48]. [citation needed], During the Mercenary War, it is possible that Tunis served as a center for the native population of the area,[13] and that its population was mainly composed of peasants, fishermen, and craftsmen. Tunis is located in north-eastern Tunisia on the Lake of Tunis, and is connected to the Mediterranean sea's Gulf of Tunis by a canal which terminates at the port of La Goulette/Halq al Wadi. Only the Bey of Tunis refused to comply, with the result that Blake's fifteen ships attacked the Bey's arsenal at Porto Farina (Ghar el Melh), destroying nine Algerian ships and two shore batteries, the first time in naval warfare that shore batteries had been eliminated without landing men ashore. Resources listed below summarize existing information on climate change impacts and greenhouse gas emissions in Tunisia. The soils are heavy and contain limestone in the north but are lighter and sandy containing clay in the south. These hills contain places such as Notre-Dame de Tunis, Ras Tabia, La Rabta, La Kasbah, Montfleury and La Manoubia with altitudes just above 50 metres (160 feet). The Carthage Film Festival is the oldest established film festival in Africa, running biennially until 2014 and annually thereafter. [51] As in the rest of Tunisia, literacy in the region of Tunis evolved rapidly during the second half of the 20th century and has reached a level slightly higher than the national average. [71] The National Theatre of Tunisia is an important public enterprise in Tunis,[72] and since 1988 been located in the Khaznadar palace (dating from the middle of the 19th century and situated in the Halfaouine quarter), renamed "Theater Palace." [50] This steady growth was accompanied by changes which affected the nature of the settlement of the capital. This changes southward to semiarid conditions on the steppes and to desert in the far south. There are also some mentions in ancient Roman sources of such names of nearby towns as Tuniza (now El Kala), Thunusuda (now Sidi-Meskin), Thinissut (now Bir Bouregba), and Thunisa (now Ras Jebel). Climate. Given the valuable items it sells, it is the only souk whose doors are closed and guarded during the night. It forms a natural bridge and since ancient times several major roads linking to Egypt and elsewhere in Tunisia have branched out from it. [25] During the later 19th century, Tunis became increasingly populated by Europeans, particularly the French, and immigration dramatically increased the size of the city. The Grand Prix of Tunis has re-emerged since 2000. The variation in climate leads to the great diversity of ecoregions in Tunisia. : المترو الخفيف لمدينة تونس) and TGM (Tunis-Goulette-Marsa), as well as bus services, and is linked to other places in Tunisia by SNCFT, the national railways. Climate. Practicing the Maliki rite as the vast majority of Tunisia's Mosques. Continuing to the north are the most exclusive neighborhoods of Mutuelleville which house the French Lycée Pierre-Mendès-France, the Sheraton Hotel and some embassies. Climate is the long-term average of weather, typically averaged over a period of 30 years. [55] There is much diversification in the municipality of Tunis, with Durum grown in Manouba, Olives and olive oil in Ariana and Mornag, wine (Mornag), and fruit, vegetable and legumes are grown in all regions.[56]. [28] At the same time, an active policy of industrialization is developing the municipal economy. The climate of the country, similar to the topography, is greatly varied. All data correspond to the average monthly values of the last 20 years. The city has, as of the beginning of the 21st century, a public transportation system developed under the management of the Société des transports de Tunis (STT). Tunis is the heartland of the Tunisian economy and is the industrial and economic hub of the country, home to one third of Tunisian companies—including almost all the head offices of companies with more than fifty employees, with the exception of the Compagnie des Phosphates de Gafsa, headquartered in Gafsa—and produces a third of the national gross domestic product. This went on for a while until one of the pilgrims realized he was upset, he went up and greeted and talked to Ibn until he entered the city. More rigorously, it denotes the mean and variability of meteorological variables over a time spanning from months to millions of years. Cette dernière est construite sur ordre du souverain Romdhane Bey en 1696 pour y inhumer la dépouille de sa mère d'origine italienne et de culte protestant. The 2005 World Championship final for men in team handball was played in Tunis. The EST is supported by the majority of the masses, while the CA, a poorer club, is supported by the others. The growing metropolitan area is served by an extensive network of public transportation including buses, an above-ground light rail system (le Metro), as well a regional train line (the TGM) that links the city centre to its closest northern suburbs. The governor appointed by Béjaïa, having reestablished order in the country, did not hesitate to free himself from the Hammadids to found the Khurasanid dynasty with Tunis as its capital. Such an operation would require the upgrading of the docks' TGM stations so that they become suitable for light rail trains. [74] The first screenings were held the following year and the first cinema, the Omnia Pathé, opened in October 1908.